Local scour at offshore windfarm monopile foundations: A review

In this article, current research findings of local scour at offshore windfarm monopile foundations are presented. The scour mechanisms and scour depth prediction formulas under different hydrodynamic conditions are summarized, including the current-only condition, wave-only condition, combined wave-current condition, and complex dynamic condition. Furthermore, this article analyzes the influencing factors on the basis of classical equations for predicting the equilibrium scour depth under specific conditions. The weakness of existing researches and future prospects are also discussed. It is suggested that future research shall focus on physical experiments under unsteady tidal currents or other complex loadings. The computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method and artificial intelligence technique are suggested being adopted to study the scour at offshore windfarm foundations.     

Asynchronous control for two‐dimensional hidden Markovian jump systems with partly known mode observation conditional probabilities

This study focuses on the asynchronous control problem for two‐dimensional discrete‐time hidden Markovian jump systems where the mode observation conditional probability matrix is partly known. Considering the original system modes are invisible, the observed modes emitted from an observer serve as an alternative for stability analysis and controller design where a mode observation conditional probability matrix is constructed to characterize the emission between system modes and observed modes. Specially, only partly known information of the mode observation conditional probability matrix is accessible. With the introduction of the free‐connection weighting matrices, the asymptotic mean square stability criterion is firstly derived based on Lyapunov method. This introduction provides a further degree of relaxation and less conservatism is therefore achieved. Secondly, we present synthesis conditions for asynchronous state feedback controller design given in terms of a set of interconnected linear matrix inequalities. Moreover, cluster concept based on the partitions of observed modes is adopted which helps to decrease the number of controllers and simplify the design complexity. A numerical example, regarding the cases with and without clustering of the observed modes, is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

影响高空探测质量的原因分析及措施

高空气象探测系统具有较高的探测精度和自动化程度。文章通过对高空探测中影响探测的重放球、迟放球原因的分析,结合工作实践,总结了雷达、计算机、基测箱、探空仪等在运行过程中出现的问题,并提出具体的解决方法,实践证明运行效果显著,为业务人员提供参考。     

Thermally driven failure of Nd:YVO4 amplifier crystals

We report on an unusual failure pattern resulting from thermally driven fracture of laser amplifier single crystals. The pattern led to some confusion with regard to the point of initiation due to the coalescence of hackle lines to a region within the fracture surface, rather than the more common divergence of hackle away from the origin. The pattern leads to new fracture terms: Hackle node - the coalescence of hackle marks to a point of prior compression. The feature is produced as a thermally-generated, centrally-located compressive region transforms to tension thereby drawing crack propagation and hackle to the compressive region, forming an internal terminus. Hackle terminus – a hackle node formed by final crack propagation within the component. As part of the analysis, the fracture toughness and slow crack growth constants of neodymium doped, yttrium ortho-vanadate (Nd:YVO₄) were measured. Nd:YVO₄ exhibits slow crack growth and is very brittle with a fracture toughness of only 0.48 MPa√m.     

新型矿用旋转筛设计研究

设计一种新型矿用旋转筛,利用7个筛板安装在旋转轴上,通过变频电机带动旋转轴与筛板转动,筛条间距根据物料筛分要求来设计,从而达到对煤矿物料的分级分离目的。根据筛分规格数量,可以串联2个以上旋转筛来使用。通过EDEM和ANSYS仿真,验证设计的合理性;通过样机试验验证,表明可以对煤矿石进行很好的筛分,而且具有节能、环保和成本低等优点。     

破损水文观测孔涌水封堵技术在高河矿的应用

针对高河矿奥灰水文观测孔空水管锈蚀断裂漏水严重的问题,分析了存在的问题,制定了钻孔涌水封堵技术方案及相应的注浆施工工艺,并进行了为期7天的井下试验。封堵注浆压力达到6 MPa,使用注浆水泥50 t,水泥浆液凝固良好,注浆阀门打开后无出水现象。     

RV减速器扭转刚度计算

扭转刚度是影响机器人运动精度、定位精度和重复定位精度的重要参数之一,本文通过对RV减速器内部齿轮副啮合刚度和各类型轴承刚度理论计算,提出了建立两个RV减速器虚拟样机,即在齿轮传动专业软件Romax中建立虚拟样机1,计算出系统变形引起的扭转刚度K1;同时在通用仿真动力学软件中建立虚拟样机2,计算出RV减速器回滞曲线,通过回滞曲线计算出扭转刚度K2,采用弹簧串联原理,计算了RV减速器扭转刚度K并通过试验验证了此方法的正确性。     

Study on maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic array in irregular shadow

Traditional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods can hardly find global maximum power point (MPP) because output characteristics curve of photovoltaic (PV) array may have multi local maximum power points in irregular shadow, and thus easily fall into the local maximum power point. To address this drawback, Considering that sliding mode variable structure (SMVS) control strategy have such advantages as simple structure, fast response and strong robustness, and P&O method have the advantages of simple principle and convenient implementation, so a new algorithm combining SMVS control method and P&O method is proposed, besides, PI controller is applied to reduce system chattering caused by switching sliding surface. It is applied to MPPT control of PV array in irregular shadow to solve the problem of multi-peak optimization in partial shadow. In order to verity the rationality of the proposed algorithm, the experimental circuit is built, which achieves MPPT control by means of the proposed algorithm and P&O method. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional P&O algorithm, the proposed algorithm can fast track the global MPP, tracking speed increases by 60% and the relative error decreased by 20%. Moreover, the system becomes more stable near the MPP, the fluctuations of output power is greatly reduced, and thus make full use of solar energy.     

华胜煤业3105综采工作面矿压显现规律研究

针对华胜煤业3105综采工作面受高强度采动影响,围岩稳定难以控制的难题,采用数值模拟与现场实际观测相结合的方法对其采场矿压显现规律进行了分析。结果表明,工作面分别推进到40 m、90 m和120 m时,支承压力的峰值分别在8 m、12 m和15 m左右,影响范围分别在40 m、45 m和45 m左右,最大支承压力分别为8.3 MPa、11.2 MPa和11.6 MPa。3105工作面上部、中部和下部的平均周期来压步距为17.3 m、19.4 m和16 m,工作面的平均周期来压步距为17.6 m;周期来压期间支架的平均末阻力分别为6262.7 kN、7471.6 kN和7580.5 kN,平均值为104.9 kN;影响范围分别为5.4 m、7.4 m、5.8 m,平均值为6.5 m。监测断面顶板累计下沉159.8 mm,两帮累计的相对收敛量达到了92.5 mm。     

Effect of aging time on discontinuous precipitates,continuous precipitates and mechanical properties of AZ80A magnesium alloy

The evolution of precipitates and mechanical properties of AZ80A magnesium alloy with aging time was studied by in situ observation with SEM, TEM and tensile testing. The results show that the continuous precipitation (CP) phases near the reaction front (RF) are replaced by the discontinuous precipitation (DP) phases at the early aging stage. In DP regions, the elliptical phases coarsen obviously with the increase of aging time, which results in a slightly slow reduction of the intracrystalline hardness of DP regions. In CP regions, some small plate phases reprecipitate simultaneously with the growth of the initial precipitates, which contributes to a slight increase in the intracrystalline hardness in CP regions at the later aging stage. The aging hardening of DP regions is faster and stronger than that of CP regions. However, the age strengthening of CP regions not only compensates for the overaging softening of DP regions but also improves the strength of the alloy.